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LS
The command “ls” displays the list of all directories, folder, and files present in the current directory.
LS - LTR
The above-mentioned command displays the name of directories, folders, files with their respective owner name, group’s name, and rights your user has over these.
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ls
ls -ltr
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/$ ls
bin dev lib libx32 mnt root snap sys usr
boot etc lib32 lost+found opt run srv tim var
cdrom home lib64 media proc sbin swapfile tmp
/$ ls -ltr
total 2097256
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 9 2021 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4096 Feb 9 2021 var
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Feb 11 2022 lost+found
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Feb 11 2022 sbin -> usr/sbin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 11 2022 libx32 -> usr/libx32
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 11 2022 lib64 -> usr/lib64
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 11 2022 lib32 -> usr/lib32
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 11 2022 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 11 2022 bin -> usr/bin
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 11 2022 cdrom
drwx------ 10 root root 4096 Feb 12 2022 tim
-rw------- 1 root root 2147487744 Aug 9 2022 swapfile
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Aug 14 2022 home
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Oct 22 14:08 usr
drwxrwxrwx 7 root root 4096 Nov 26 04:18 media
drwxrwxrwx 13 root root 4096 Jan 7 21:59 opt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 5 07:19 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Feb 7 23:41 sys
dr-xr-xr-x 549 root root 0 Feb 7 23:41 proc
drwx------ 12 root root 4096 Feb 8 04:25 root
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 5120 Feb 17 23:04 dev
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Feb 21 23:36 snap
drwxr-xr-x 168 root root 12288 Mar 1 06:24 etc
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 2 06:51 boot
drwxr-xr-x 46 root root 1500 Mar 2 20:11 run
drwxrwxrwt 32 root root 20480 Mar 2 21:06 tmp
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MKDIR
The command “mkdir” allows users to create directories/folders in the system. The user running this command must have suitable rights over the parent directory to create a directory or they will receive an error.
Syntax: mkdir New_Directory’s_Name
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mkdir NewDirectory
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~$ mkdir poopoo
~$
~$ ls
Android Pictures
AppImages poopoo
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RMDIR
The command “rmdir” allows users to remove directories/folders from the system. The user running this command must have suitable rights over the parent directory to remove a directory AND the directory must not have any files or sub-directories within it or you will receive an error.
Syntax: rmdir Directory’s_Name
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rmdir DirectoryName
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~$ rmdir poopoo
rmdir: failed to remove 'poopoo': Directory not empty
# Could not delete directory
# "poopoo" because it is not
# empty
~$ rm poopoo
rm: cannot remove 'poopoo': Is a directory
# Could not remove "poopoo"
# because it is not a file
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RM
The command “rm” is used to remove files from a directory.
RM -RF
Permanently deletes the specified directory and ALL files and sub-directories beneath the specified directory.
Be VERY careful using this command as you can inadvertently delete your whole drive!
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rm filename
rm -rf /path/to/dir/name
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# Listing shows poopoo.txt
# file exists under
# direcotry poopoo"poopoo"
~/poopoo$ ls
poopoo.txt
~/poopoo$ rm poopoo.txt
# listing now shows
# poopoo.txt has bebeen
# removed (deleted)
# from directory poopoo"poopoo"
~/poopoo$ ls
~/poopoo$
# Directory "poopoo" exists
# in the listing below
~$ ls
Android Pictures
AppImages poopoo
Audio Public
~$ rm -rf poopoo
~$
# Successfully removed "poopoo"
# directory and all its contents
# as can be seen in the
# direcotry listing below
~$ ls
Android Parkitect
AppImages Pictures
Audio Public
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TOUCH
Creates an empty file at the specified path with the specified name.
Useful for creating a blank file you intend to edit with a CLI editor, such as VIM or NANO.
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touch /path/name/filename.ext
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~$ ls doc.txt
ls: cannot access 'doc.txt': No such file or directory
~$ touch /home/tim/doc.txt
~$ ls doc.txt
doc.txt
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